Joseph Kabila has formed the Front pour la Refondation de la Nation (FRN) to replace the AFC-M23 alliance in eastern Congo.

Former Congolese President Joseph Kabila has announced the formation of a new politico-military coalition, the Front pour la Refondation de la Nation (FRN). The group is intended to replace the AFC-M23 alliance currently engaged in fighting government forces in eastern Congo. The announcement was made by the group's adviser, Claude Ibalanky, during a press conference in Goma on October 12.

Leadership and Organizational Structure

Joseph Kabila will lead the newly formed FRN. He is supported by a group of deputies including rebel leaders Corneille Nangaa, Bertrand Bisimwa, Freddy Kaniki, and Sultani Makenga. The coalition marks a shift for Kabila, who had previously denied involvement with the AFC/M23 insurgency despite months of accusations from Congolese authorities regarding his support for the group.

Political Context and Allegations

In a speech delivered on Friday, Kabila criticized the current government for alleged corruption, poor governance, and military failures in the eastern region. He also voiced opposition to a minerals agreement between the government and the United States. Kabila, who previously oversaw the 2018 election that brought President Felix Tshisekedi to power, has been sentenced to death in absentia by a military court for treason, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. He maintains that these charges are politically motivated.

Regional Dynamics

The conflict in eastern Congo involves the AFC/M23, which secured significant territory during an offensive last year. The United Nations and various Western governments have accused Rwanda of providing support and exercising command over the M23 rebels, an allegation that Rwanda consistently denies. Perceptions of an alliance between Kabila and the insurgency were deepened after he traveled to rebel-held Goma in 2025 and several of his former allies assumed roles within the AFC/M23.