A new study published in JAMA Dermatology finds that the drug upadacitinib, a JAK inhibitor, effectively promotes hair regrowth in patients with severe alopecia areata.

Researchers have found that upadacitinib, a medication currently used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, may effectively treat the autoimmune condition alopecia areata. In two phase 3 clinical trials, nearly half of the participants who received the drug achieved significant scalp hair regrowth within 24 weeks. The findings, published on August 12 in JAMA Dermatology, suggest the drug could offer a new treatment option for those suffering from severe hair loss.

Clinical Trial Results

The trials involved nearly 1,400 participants aged 12 to 64 who had lost at least 50% of their scalp hair. Subjects were divided into groups receiving either a 15 mg or 30 mg daily dose of upadacitinib, or a placebo. Within 24 weeks, nearly half of the 15 mg group and more than 54% of the 30 mg group achieved 80% scalp hair coverage, compared to only 2% of the placebo group. Some participants also experienced significant regrowth of eyebrows and eyelashes.

Safety and Considerations

While the results are considered promising, experts note that upadacitinib is a powerful systemic immune-modulating drug. Common side effects reported include acne, colds, throat irritation, and upper respiratory tract infections. Medical professionals emphasize that patients must be properly screened and monitored by a physician, as the disease may return if treatment is discontinued, potentially requiring long-term use.