A new report suggests older adults taking GLP-1 drugs may face increased risks of muscle loss and malnutrition, though researchers emphasize these side effects remain rare.

A new report from the AI platform nference indicates that adults aged 65 and older taking GLP-1 medications, specifically those containing tirzepatide, may face a higher risk of muscle mass loss, malnutrition, and dehydration. While these conditions are rare, researchers are urging healthcare providers to monitor older patients more closely. The study, which is currently under peer review, analyzed health records of tens of thousands of older adults to evaluate the safety profile of these treatments.

Study Findings on Health Risks

The research analyzed three cohorts: 30,000 older adults prescribed Zepbound, nearly 19,000 taking non-GLP-1 diabetes drugs, and nearly 6,000 who underwent weight-loss surgery. While less than 1% of subjects experienced declines in muscle mass and function, and less than 2% developed malnutrition, those taking Zepbound showed significantly higher risks for these conditions. Specifically, Zepbound users who developed malnutrition, dehydration, or muscle loss faced higher mortality risks compared to those in the other two groups over an 18-month follow-up period.

Clinical Perspective and Recommendations

Medical experts emphasize that the findings should not discourage the use of GLP-1 medications, which offer benefits like weight loss, improved heart health, and lower blood sugar. Instead, doctors are encouraged to weigh individual risks and benefits, considering a patient's dietary history and overall health. Experts recommend that older adults on these medications maintain a nutrient-dense diet with adequate protein and engage in consistent exercise, combining aerobic and strength training to preserve muscle mass.