Medical experts emphasize that children with type 1 diabetes can and should participate in sports, provided they properly manage their glucose levels and insulin therapy.

Children with type 1 diabetes can participate in sports and physical activity, according to Thanasis Tziamourtas, a professor at the University of Thessaly. While the autoimmune condition requires daily insulin management, experts state that exercise is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle for these children. International guidelines recommend that children with type 1 diabetes engage in 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily, consistent with recommendations for the general population.

Managing Glucose During Physical Activity

Exercise presents unique challenges for glucose regulation because insulin administered from outside the body cannot be reduced automatically like natural insulin. Prolonged aerobic activities like swimming or running may lead to hypoglycemia, while high-intensity efforts can temporarily raise glucose levels due to adrenaline release. There is no universal glucose response, as levels depend on factors such as exercise intensity, duration, physical fitness, and previous food intake. To participate safely, children should monitor their glucose before, during, and after activity. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and access to fast-acting carbohydrates are recommended to manage potential drops in blood sugar. Because glucose levels can fall hours after exercise, late-day activity requires particular attention to avoid nocturnal hypoglycemia.

Tailored Care and Professional Guidance

There is no single plan for managing diabetes during sports, as insulin and carbohydrate needs vary by individual. Professor Tziamourtas emphasizes that adjustments to insulin and diet must be tailored in collaboration with a medical care team. Modern tools, including insulin pumps and automated delivery systems, provide opportunities for safe activity that were previously unavailable. The goal, according to experts, is for children to learn to monitor their bodies and adjust their care rather than avoiding physical activity.